Decarbonizing aviation presents significant challenges due to the complexity of emissions, which encompass both CO2 and non-CO2 components. While current efforts primarily focus on reducing CO2 emissions, there is a growing shift toward considering more comprehensive metrics, including the impact of non-CO2 emissions such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), contrails, and lifecycle effects. Contrails, in particular, account for nearly half of aviation’s climate impact, highlighting the need for increased attention. As a result, aviation stakeholders are beginning to monitor and address these non-CO2 effects to achieve more holistic emissions reductions.